Has there been concerted action by more than one party, with at least some form of intention to cause loss to another?
[[Yes->Have the parties engaged in unlawful means either committing a wrong that would be independently actionable at common law or which would attract criminal liability?]]
[[No->No liability for conspiracy]]Have the parties engaged in unlawful means either committing a wrong that would be independently actionable at common law or which would attract criminal liability?
[[Yes->Did the parties intend (as in the Fig. 11.1 sense) to cause loss?]]
[[No->Did the parties intend (in the limited sense of intending the loss as an end in itself) to cause the loss?]]No liability for conspiracyDid the parties intend (in the limited sense of intending the loss as an end in itself) to cause the loss?
[[No->No liability]]
[[Yes->Liability for simple conspiracy]]Did the parties intend (as in the Fig. 11.1 sense) to cause loss?
[[Yes->Liability for unlawful means conspiracy]]
[[No->No liability]]Liability for unlawful means conspiracyNo liabilityLiability for simple conspiracy