1 Human beings are genetically predisposed to speak the language of their biological parents. A O2 O1 True R1 Read p.000 again. O2 False R2 2 The child's learning of their first language is a staged process, which is broadly similar for all languages. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 See p.000. 3 The normal child attains a basic mastery of the language of the community it is born into by about what age? A O4 O1 1.5 years R1 See p.000 and p.000. O2 2 years R2 See p.000 and p.000. O3 2-3 years R3 See p.000 and p.000. O4 4-5 years R4 O5 8 years R5 See p.000 and p.000. O6 12 years R6 See p.000 and p.000. 4 Which of the following best describes telegraphic speech? A O3 O1 utterances are a single word long R1 See p.000. O2 utterances have few lexical items R2 See p.000. O3 utterances consist of lexical items, with few grammatical items R3 O4 utterances have no intonation contour R4 See p.000. O5 the type of speech used by a mother to a child R5 See p.000. 5 Deaf children who are exposed to sign language learn it spontaneously. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 See p.000. 6 Is caretaker speech characterised by high pitch in all languages? A O2 O1 Yes R1 No, there are exceptions; see p.000. O2 No R2 7 The earliest learnt consonants are generally: A O1 O1 stops and nasals R1 O2 glides R2 See p.000. O3 rhotics R3 See p.000. O4 laterals R4 See p.000. O5 fricatives R5 See p.000. 8 Which of the following phone replacements are not expected in the speech of young children? A O3 O1 Of velars by alveolars R1 This is an expected replacement: see p.000. O2 Of fricatives by stops R2 This is an expected replacement: see p.000. O3 Of alveolars by velars R3 O4 Of laterals by glides R4 This is an expected replacement: see p.000. O5 Of consonant clusters by single consonants R5 This is an expected replacement: see p.000. 9 A general characteristic of first language learning is that perception and recognition precedes production. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 See p.000. 10 Consonants are most likely to be first produced correctly in which position? A O3 O1 end of a word R1 See p.000. O2 in a consonant cluster R2 See p.000. O3 beginning of a word R3 O4 between vowels R4 See p.000. 11 Morphology tends to acquired earlier in morphologically rich languages than in morphologically simple languages. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 See p.000. 12 Which of the following is the most common type of semantic error made by children? A O1 O1 over-extension of meaning R1 O2 under-extension of meaning R2 See p.000. O3 mismatch of meaning R3 See p.000. 13 Which of the following stages in acquisition of number marking on nouns in English occurs latest? A O2 O1 use of the allomorphs -s and -z R1 See p.000. O2 all overgeneralizations are corrected R2 O3 existence of just a few high frequency irregular plural forms R3 See p.000. O4 a single form for each noun, unmarked for number R4 See p.000. 14 The order of learning of words and grammatical structures accurately reflects their frequency in adult language usage. A O2 O1 True R1 No, not precisely. Mismatches do occur: see Table 12.1. O2 False R2 15 Innateness refers to the idea that human beings are genetically endowed to learn language generally, though not any particular language. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 See p.000. 16 Can stages in acquisition of grammatical structures overlap? A O1 O1 Yes R1 O2 No R2 See p.000. 17 It is impossible to attain a native-like accent in a language learnt in adulthood. A O2 O1 True R1 See the discussion of p.000. O2 False R2 18 Does the fact that children may be unable to precisely immitate an utterance of a certain type argue against the role of immitation in first language learning? A O2 O1 Yes R1 See p.000. O2 No R2 19 The notion that word meanings can be partly inferred from the grammatical features of an utterance is called: A O1 O1 syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis R1 O2 semantic bootstrapping hypothesis R2 See p.000. O3 poverty of the stimulus R3 See p.000. O4 novel name-new category hypothesis R4 See p.000. O5 hypothesis testing R5 See p.000. 20 Stages in learning of a second language in adulthood are: A O3 O1 identical with stages in learning a first language in childhood R1 Read p.000 again. O2 completely different to stages in learning a first languge in childhood R2 Read p.000 again. O3 similar to, but not identical with stages of learning a first language in childhood R3 O4 non-existent: second languages are not learnt in stages R4 Read p.000 again. 21 Is the critical period hypothesis supported by clear-cut biological evidence? A O2 O1 Yes R1 See p.000. O2 No R2 22 The system of a second language learnt in adulthood can affect (and change) a corresponding system in the person's first language. A O1 O1 True R1 O2 False R2 It can: see p.000. 23 Negative transfer is most easily corrected in phonetics and phonology. A O2 O1 True R1 Read p.000 again. O2 False R2