1 Linguists and psycholinguists agree unanimously that language forms a separate cognitive module, distinct from all other cognitive modules.
A O2
O1 True
R1 Whether language forms a separate cognitive module of its own is a currently contentious issue in linguistics and psycholinguistics. See p.000.
O2 False
R2
2 The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two components, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
3 Which of the following best describes linguistic determinism?
A O3
O1 The idea that the structure of the language you speak is determined by the way you think about the world.
R1 This puts it the wrong way about. See p.000.
O2 The notion that the structure of the language you speak is correlated in some way with the world view of speakers.
R2 This describes linguistic relativity, not determinism. See p.000.
O3 The idea that the structure of the language you speak determines the way you think about the world.
R3
O4 The notion that the grammatical structures found in a language are determined by human genetics.
R4 See p.000.
4 Which of the following best describes linguistic relativity?
A O2
O1 The idea that the structure of the language you speak is determined by the way you think about the world.
R1 See p.000.
O2 The notion that the structure of the language you speak is correlated in some way with the world view of speakers.
R2
O3 The idea that the structure of the language you speak determines the way you think about the world.
R3 This describes linguistic determinism, not relativity. See p.000.
O4 The notion that the grammatical structures found in a language are not determined by human genetics.
R4 See p.000.
5 Dan Slobin's version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that the structure of the language we speak influences the way we think for speaking, including the types of phenomena we pay attention to when planning what to say.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
6 Investigations of colour terms in various languages and cultures have revealed which of the following?
A O4
O1 Disproof of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
R1 No, results are not so conclusive as this; see p.000.
O2 Proof of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
R2 No, results are not so conclusive as this; see p.000.
O3 Proof of Slobin's modification of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
R3 No, see p.000.
O4 Evidence of some correlations between colour terminology and cognition about colour.
R4
7 Which of the following outcomes would you expect if you did the categorical perception experiment described on p.000 with a speaker of a language such as Thai, with three bilabilal stop phonemes differing in VOT /p/, /pʰ/ and /b/.
A O1
O1 Two points rather than one at which a switch from one sound to another was perceived.
R1
O2 The same results as in English, namely one point at which the sound was perceived to change.
R2 This is not what you should expect because categorical perception is according to the categories of the language, here three phonemes.
O3 The same results as expected in Warrwa -- no perceived difference in the sounds.
R3 This is not what you should expect because categorical perception is according to the categories of the language, here three phonemes.
O4 No expectations -- it is unscientific to make guesses.
R4 Not at all. An important part of the scientific method is to make and test hypotheses.
8 Garden pathing reveals which of the following?
A O4
O1 That parsing begins after the entire sentence has been heard.
R1 See p.000.
O2 That speech perception is categorical.
R2 See p.000.
O3 An error has occurred in speech production.
R3 See p.000.
O4 That parsing begins before the entire sentence has been heard.
R4
O5 That speech comprehension is entirely bottom-up.
R5 See p.000.
9 Speech comprehension is both bottom-up and top-down.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 Read p.000 again.
10 Evidence from slips-of-the-tongue reveals that speech production cannot be phoneme-by-phoneme, or word-by-word.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 If production was phoneme-by-phoneme or word-by-word the regularities in slips-of-the-tongue (see p.000) that are found would be inexplicable.
11 Spoonerisms attest to the psychological reality of the syllable.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
12 Which of the following transposition errors is unexpected given the discussion of the text (transposed items are in bold):
A O4
O1 pightly tacked
R1 This is an ordinary Spoonerism, and quite expected. See p.000.
O2 packly tighted
R2 This involves the transposition of two lexical morphemes, and conforms to some of the transposition error types discussed on p.000.
O3 tighkly pated
R3 Although this is not a normal transposition error, it is a possible type (see p.000 and fn.2 p.000).
O4 tighted packly
R4
13 In which type of aphasia are the most severe difficulties in comprehension of speech?
A O2
O1 Broca's
R1 See p.000.
O2 Wernicke's
R2
O3 Anomic
R3 See p.000.
O4 Conduction
R4 See p.000.
14 The cerebral cortex is constituted by several million neurons.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, it consists of several billion neurons: see p.000.
O2 False
R2
15 In most people the left hemisphere is dominant for language processing.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
16 Is it true that evidence from aphasia is consistent with localization of language functions, but does not imply localization?
A O1
O1 Yes
R1
O2 No
R2 Read p.000 again.
17 Which type of aphasia is characterised by problems in repeating speech?
A O4
O1 Broca's
R1 See p.000.
O2 Wernicke's
R2 See p.000.
O3 Anomic
R3 See p.000.
O4 Conduction
R4
18 Conduction aphasia typically results from lesions where?
A O2
O1 Broca's area
R1 See p.000.
O2 Arculate fasciculus
R2
O3 Cerebellum
R3 See p.000.
O4 No particular place
R4 See p.000.
O5 Wernicke's area
R5 See p.000.
19 Which of the following gives good information on timing of brain activity, but poor information on its location:
A O4
O1 Wada test
R1 See box on p.000.
O2 fMRI
R2 See box on p.000.
O3 PET
R3 See box on p.000.
O4 EEG
R4
O5 MRI
R5 See box on p.000.
20 Is the evidence concerning localisation of speech functions from modern brain imaging in general agreement with the evidence from aphasic studies?
A O1
O1 Yes
R1
O2 No
R2 See p.000.
21 In dichotic listening tasks most people display which of the following:
A O2
O1 Left ear advantage
R1 See p.000.
O2 Right ear advantage
R2
O3 No particular advantage to either ear
R3 See p.000.
22 The available evidence argues in favour of the Swiss Army knife model of the human brain.
A O2
O1 True
R1 See p.000.
O2 False
R2
23 Which brain area is generally believed to be most strongly associated with speech production:
A O2
O1 Brain stem
R1 See p.000.
O2 Broca's area
R2
O3 Wernicke's area
R3 See p.000.
O4 Sylvian fissure
R4 See p.000.
O5 Arculate fasciculus
R5 See p.000.