1 Which of the following need not be listed in a full lexicon of a language?
A O2
O1 Grammatical morphemes
R1 No, grammatical morphemes are included; see p.000.
O2 Regularly inflected forms of lexical items
R2
O3 Lexical morphemes
R3 No, these must be included; see p.000.
O4 Idioms
R4 No, these must be included; see p.000.
O5 Compounds
R5 No, these must be included; see p.000 and 000.
2 Both the set of lexical and the set of grammatical morphemes in a language change over time.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 No, both change over time: see p.000.
3 The English word good is an adjective because it describes a property of something.
A O2
O1 True
R1 It is an adjective, but for other reasons: read p.000 again.
O2 False
R2
4 All languages identify the same parts-of-speech.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, parts-of-speech systems differ among languages: see p.000.
O2 False
R2
5 Interjections are words like of, to, for, from, etc.
A O2
O1 True
R1 Words such as these are grammatical morphemes, not interjections.
O2 False
R2
6 Which of the following words is a blend?
A O1
O1 Spanglish
R1
O2 telly
R2 See p.000.
O3 kangaroo
R3 See p.000.
O4 googol
R4 See p.000.
O5 algebra
R5 See p.000.
7 Which of the following is not a way of making new lexical items in a language.
A O4
O1 clipping
R1 No, clipping is a way of forming new lexical items.
O2 blending
R2 No, blending is a way of forming new lexical items.
O3 borrowing
R3 No, borrowing is a way of gaining new lexical items.
O4 inflecting
R4
O5 acronyming
R5 No, acronyming is a way of forming new lexical items.
8 Which of the following words shows an example of phonaesthesia in English?
A O3
O1 eat
R1 This word sign is symbolic.
O2 phonology
R2 This word sign is symbolic.
O3 slither
R3
O4 small
R4 This word sign is symbolic.
O5 away
R5 This word sign is symbolic.
9 The process of forming wambajarndu 'people' in Warrwa from wamba 'man' and jarndu 'woman' is:
A O6
O1 acronyming
R1 Check p.000 again.
O2 reduplication
R2 Check p.000 again.
O3 derivation
R3 Check p.000 again.
O4 calquing
R4 Check p.000 again.
O5 backformation
R5 Check p.000 again.
O6 compounding
R6
10 The meaning of an idiom is not predictable from the meaning of the words and morphemes making it up, and the grammar of the expression.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 Idioms by definition do not express predictable meanings; see p.000.
11 The meaning of an idiom is always completely arbitrary.
A O2
O1 True
R1 Not necessarily. The meaning of an idiom is not infrequently to some extent explicable and principled; see p.000.
O2 False
R2
12 Which of the following sorts of expression is salt and pepper in English:
A O1
O1 a binomial
R1
O2 a compound
R2 See p.000 and 000.
O3 an idiom
R3 See p.000.
O4 a derived noun
R4 See p.000 and 000.
O5 a euphemism
R5 See p.000.
13 Which one of the following processes of lexeme formation is restricted to languages with traditions of writing?
A O1
O1 acronyming
R1
O2 coinage
R2 See p.000.
O3 calquing
R3 See p.000.
O4 borrowing
R4 See p.000.
O5 blending
R5 See p.000.
14 Many languages use idioms involving body part terms in expressions for emotions.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
15 Which of the following terms refers to the process of forming a new lexical item by removing a part of a word that is wrongly identified as a morpheme?
A O4
O1 derivation
R1 No, derivation does not involve mis-identification of morphemes. See p.000.
O2 etymology
R2 No, this is the study of the history of words. See p.000.
O3 calquing
R3 No, this does not involve mis-identification of morphemes. See p.000.
O4 backformation
R4
O5 meaning extension
R5 No, meaning extension has noting to do with mis-identification of morphemes. See p.000.
16 Does English have a large number of borrowed words from other languages?
A O1
O1 Yes
R1
O2 No
R2 It does; there is even a fairly high proportion of borrowed words among the basic words of the language. See p.000.
17 Indirect or evasive expressions for unpleasant things are called dysphemisms.
A O2
O1 True
R1 Check the explanation on p.000.
O2 False
R2
18 Which of the following is a dysphemistic expression for a human corpse?
A O3
O1 a cadaver
R1 No, this is not dysphemistic - see p.000.
O2 the remains
R2 No, this is not dysphemistic - see p.000.
O3 a stiff
R3
O4 a body
R4 No, this is not dysphemistic - see p.000.
19 Avoidance of the name of a recently deceased person is an example of which of the following phenomena:
A O5
O1 dysphemism
R1 See p.000.
O2 colloquialism
R2 See p.000.
O3 euphemism
R3 See p.000.
O4 clipping
R4 See p.000.
O5 word taboo
R5
20 Which of the following is a euphemistic expression for the cessation of a human life?
A O1
O1 pass away
R1
O2 croak
R2 See p.000.
O3 die
R3 See p.000.
O4 drop dead
R4 See p.000.
21 Grammatical morphemes in a language are more resistant to replacement than lexical morphemes.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 No, grammatical morphemes are more stable than lexical morphemes; see p.000.
22 Calques are borrowings that have been adopted to the phonological patterns of the recipient language.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No; check the explanation on p.000.
O2 False
R2
23 According to Humpty Dumpty's explanation of wabe, what sort of word formation does it involve?
A O5
O1 phonaesthesia
R1 See the explanation on p.000.
O2 backformation
R2 See the explanation on p.000.
O3 meaning extension
R3 See the explanation on p.000.
O4 compounding
R4 See the explanation on p.000.
O5 blending
R5