1 Grammatical structure in language does not exist beyond the level of the sentence, in large units like texts and discourses.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 Recall from p.000 that the largest linguistic unit showing grammatical structure is the sentence.
2 Which of the following is not a type of text?
A O3
O1 a narrative
R1 See p.000.
O2 a recount
R2 See p.000.
O3 a dinner invitation
R3
O4 an exposition
R4 See p.000.
O5 a biography
R5 See p.000.
3 Discourses are units of language in use that are primarily concerned with structuring and conveying information.
A O2
O1 True
R1 See p.000.
O2 False
R2
4 The term story grammar refers to which of the following?
A O2
O1 the grammatical structure of narratives
R1 See box on p.000, and recall that grammatical structure does not exist above the sentence.
O2 the structure of narratives into stages
R2
O3 the structure of expository texts into stages
R3 See box on p.000.
O4 none of the previous
R4 See box on p.000.
5 Expositions have the same structure into stages as narratives except that they lack a complication and resolution.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, this describes a recount; see p.000
O2 False
R2
6 Do the only differences between narratives and expositions concern their structure in terms of stages?
A O2
O1 Yes
R1 No. The two genres differ also in terms of patterns and frequency of lexical and grammatical choices. See p.000.
O2 No
R2
7 Which of the following is not an example of a cohesive device?
A O1
O1 inference
R1
O2 reference
R2 No, reference is a cohesive device; see p.000.
O3 substitution
R3 No, substitution is a cohesive device; see p.000.
O4 ellipsis
R4 No, ellipsis is a cohesive device; see p.000.
O5 lexical cohesion
R5 No, lexical cohesion is a cohesive device; see p.000.
8 What sort of reference relation links directly to a referent and not via another linguistic unit?
A O5
O1 anaphoric reference
R1 No, anaphoric reference links to an already established referent; see p.000.
O2 endophoric reference
R2 No, endophoric reference is via text-internal links; see p.000.
O3 exophoric reference
R3
O4 cataphoric reference
R4 No, cataphoric reference links to a referent extabished subsequently in the text; see p.000.
9 What sort of cohesive relation does one serve in the following example: Although he worked all night on the problem he was unable to solve it. However, he did manage to solve a simpler one..
A O1
O1 substitution
R1
O2 ellipsis
R2 See p.000.
O3 anaphoric reference
R3 See p.000.
O4 conjunction
R4 See p.000.
O5 none of the above
R5 See p.000.
10 In the following example, Sydney is a long way away. I only go there now and then. the word then serves in which of the following types of cohesive relation?
A O5
O1 reference
R1 No, in this example then does not refer to any point of time, either mentioned in the surrounding text or available in the context.
O2 substitution
R2 No, then is not a substitute; see p.000.
O3 conjunction
R3 No, then does not link together sentences; see p.000.
O4 ellipsis
R4 Check your understanding of ellipsis, p.000.
O5 None of the above: then does not serve in any cohesive relation in this example.
R5
11 In the previous example, Sydney is a long way away. I only go there now and then. the word there serves in which of the following types of cohesive relation?.
A O1
O1 reference
R1
O2 substitution
R2 No, there is not a substitute; see p.000.
O3 conjunction
R3 No, there does not link together sentences; see p.000.
O4 ellipsis
R4 Check your understanding of ellipsis, p.000.
O5 None of the above: there does not serve in any cohesive relation in this example.
R5 It does serve a cohesive relation. See p.000.
12 Can a text be cohesive without being coherent?
A O1
O1 Yes
R1
O2 No
R2 Yes. See p.000.
13 In the following example, Sydney is a long way away. I only go there now and then. Occasionally is better than never. the word occasionally:
A O2
O1 serves in a relation of anaphoric reference to now and then
R1 No, occasionally does not refer to anything either mentioned in the surrounding text or available in the context.
O2 serves in a relation of lexical cohesion to now and then
R2
O3 serves in a relation of conjunction to the previous sentence
R3 No, occasionally does not link together the two sentences; see p.000.
O4 ellipsis
R4 Check your understanding of ellipsis, p.000.
O5 None of the above: occasionally does not serve in any cohesive relation in this example.
R5 To the contrary, it does serve in a cohesive relation: see p.000.
14 Discourses are hierarchically organized.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
15 Discourses are made up solely of utterances that comprise purely linguistic phenomena.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, other phenomena such as eye-gaze and gesture may be integral parts of discourse; see p.000.
O2 False
R2
16 Is an utterance always produced by a single speaker?
A O2
O1 Yes
R1 See p.000.
O2 No
R3
17 The term move refers to a speaker's turn in discouse.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, a speaker's turn may be a move, but a move can be more than a speaker's turn; see p.000.
O2 False
R2
18 In most types of discourse in all human languages interactants take turns in taking on the roles of speaker and hearer.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 No, this is true. See p.000.
19 Which of the following is not an example of a transition relevance place?
A O2
O1 the end of a grammatical unit
R1 This is an example: see p.000.
O2 the beginning of an intonation unit
R2
O3 the end of an intonation unit
R3 This is an example: see p.000.
20 A technique a speaker uses to prepare the listner for a following request is an example of a:
A O3
O1 transition relevance place
R1 See p.000.
O2 post-sequence
R2 See p.000.
O3 pre-sequence
R3
O4 continuer
R4 See p.000.
O5 overlap
R5 See p.000.
21 One motivation for speakers to employ pre-sequences is to avoid potential loss of face.
A O1
O1 True
R1
O2 False
R2 See p.000.
22 Which of the following words is not a continuer?
A O2
O1 mhm
R1 This is a continuer: see p.000.
O2 certainly
R2
O3 yeah
R3 This is a continuer: see p.000.
O4 mm
R4 This is a continuer: see p.000.
O5 nn
R5 This is a continuer: see p.000.
23 Since discourses basically represent the linguistic component of interactions, they are generally consistent in register.
A O2
O1 True
R1 No, a discourse may be inconsistent in register: see p.000.
O2 False
R2